RIFF STYLMAC " Galliard ■ ╠ WIN L ⌠ É Galliard ╠ TEXT| Family Emberizidae
Subfamily Cardinalinae
Cardinals, Grosbeaks, and Allies
39 species: Chiefly tropical America. Ten species occur in North America. These mainly bright-colored birds have conical bills that are adapted for crushing seeds. Some are nonmigratory and strongly territorial the year round, while others migrate back to the tropics at the end of the breeding season.